State Data Source Integration Guide

State data source Guide in Structured Streaming (Experimental)

Overview

State data source provides functionality to manipulate the state from the checkpoint.

As of Spark 4.0, state data source provides the read functionality with a batch query. Additional functionalities including write is on the future roadmap.

NOTE: this data source is currently marked as experimental - source options and the behavior (output) might be subject to change.

Reading state key-values from the checkpoint

State data source enables reading key-value pairs from the state store in the checkpoint, via running a separate batch query. Users can leverage the functionality to cover two major use cases described below:

Construct a test checking both output and the state. It is non-trivial to deduce the key-value of the state from the output, and having visibility of the state would be a huge win on testing.
Investigate an incident against stateful streaming query. If users observe the incorrect output and want to track how it came up, having visibility of the state would be required.

Users can read an instance of state store, which is matched to a single stateful operator in most cases. This means, users can expect that they can read the entire key-value pairs in the state for a single stateful operator.

Note that there could be an exception, e.g. stream-stream join, which leverages multiple state store instances internally. The data source abstracts the internal representation away from users and provides a user-friendly approach to read the state. See the section for stream-stream join for more details.

Creating a state store for batch queries (all defaults)

df = spark \
.read \
.format("statestore") \
.load("<checkpointLocation>")

val df = spark
.read
.format("statestore")
.load("<checkpointLocation>")

Dataset<Row> df = spark
.read()
.format("statestore")
.load("<checkpointLocation>");

Each row in the source has the following schema:

Column	Type	Note
key	struct (depends on the type for state key)
value	struct (depends on the type for state value)
partition_id	int

The nested columns for key and value heavily depend on the input schema of the stateful operator as well as the type of operator. Users are encouraged to query about the schema via df.schema() / df.printSchema() first to understand the type of output.

The following options must be set for the source.

Option	Value	Meaning
path	string	Specify the root directory of the checkpoint location. You can either specify the path via option("path", `path`) or load(`path`).

The following configurations are optional:

Option	Value	Default	Meaning
batchId	numeric value	latest committed batch	Represents the target batch to read from. This option is used when users want to perform time-travel. The batch should be committed but not yet cleaned up.
operatorId	numeric value	0	Represents the target operator to read from. This option is used when the query is using multiple stateful operators.
storeName	string	DEFAULT	Represents the target state store name to read from. This option is used when the stateful operator uses multiple state store instances. It is not required except stream-stream join.
joinSide	string ("left" or "right")	(none)	Represents the target side to read from. This option is used when users want to read the state from stream-stream join.
snapshotStartBatchId	numeric value		If specified, force to read the snapshot at this batch ID, then changelogs will be replayed until 'batchId' or its default. Note that snapshot batch ID starts with 0 and equals to snapshot version ID minus 1. This option must be used together with 'snapshotPartitionId'.
snapshotPartitionId	numeric value		If specified, only this specific partition will be read. Note that partition ID starts with 0. This option must be used together with 'snapshotStartBatchId'.
readChangeFeed	boolean	false	If set to true, will read the change of state over microbatches. The output table schema will also differ. Details can be found in section "Reading state changes over microbatches". Option 'changeStartBatchId' must be specified with this option. Option 'batchId', 'joinSide', 'snapshotStartBatchId' and 'snapshotPartitionId' cannot be used together with this option.
changeStartBatchId	numeric value		Represents the first batch to read in the read change feed mode. This option requires 'readChangeFeed' to be set to true.
changeEndBatchId	numeric value	latest commited batchId	Represents the last batch to read in the read change feed mode. This option requires 'readChangeFeed' to be set to true.

Reading state for stream-stream join

Structured Streaming implements the stream-stream join feature via leveraging multiple instances of state store internally. These instances logically compose buffers to store the input rows for left and right.

Since it is more obvious to users to reason about, the data source provides the option ‘joinSide’ to read the buffered input for specific side of the join. To enable the functionality to read the internal state store instance directly, we also allow specifying the option ‘storeName’, with restriction that ‘storeName’ and ‘joinSide’ cannot be specified together.

Reading state changes over microbatches

If we want to understand the change of state store over microbatches instead of the whole state store at a particular microbatch, ‘readChangeFeed’ is the option to use. For example, this is the code to read the change of state from batch 2 to the latest committed batch.

df = spark \
.read \
.format("statestore") \
.option("readChangeFeed", true) \
.option("changeStartBatchId", 2) \
.load("<checkpointLocation>")

val df = spark
.read
.format("statestore")
.option("readChangeFeed", true)
.option("changeStartBatchId", 2)
.load("<checkpointLocation>")

Dataset<Row> df = spark
.read()
.format("statestore")
.option("readChangeFeed", true)
.option("changeStartBatchId", 2)
.load("<checkpointLocation>");

The output schema will also be different from the normal output.

Column	Type	Note
batch_id	long
change_type	string	There are two possible values: 'update' and 'delete'. Update represents either inserting a non-existing key-value pair or updating an existing key with new value. The 'value' field will be null for delete records.
key	struct (depends on the type for state key)
value	struct (depends on the type for state value)
partition_id	int

State Metadata Source

Before querying the state from existing checkpoint via state data source, users would like to understand the information for the checkpoint, especially about state operator. This includes which operators and state store instances are available in the checkpoint, available range of batch IDs, etc.

Structured Streaming provides a data source named “State metadata source” to provide the state-related metadata information from the checkpoint.

Note: The metadata is constructed when the streaming query is running with Spark 4.0+. The existing checkpoint which has been running with lower Spark version does not have the metadata and will be unable to query/use with this metadata source. It is required to run the streaming query pointing the existing checkpoint in Spark 4.0+ to construct the metadata before querying. Users can optionally provide the batchId to get the operator metadata at a point in time.

Creating a State metadata store for Batch Queries

df = spark \
.read \
.format("state-metadata") \
.load("<checkpointLocation>")

val df = spark
.read
.format("state-metadata")
.load("<checkpointLocation>")

Dataset<Row> df = spark
.read()
.format("state-metadata")
.load("<checkpointLocation>");

The following options must be set for the source:

Option	Value	Meaning
path	string	Specify the root directory of the checkpoint location. You can either specify the path via option("path", `path`) or load(`path`).